Roman Breviary, 1954 (Divino Afflatu)

Saturday, 24 October 2026

S. Raphaëlis ArchangeliSt. Raphael the Archangel

Duplex majus

Lectio I

Lesson I

De libro Tobíæ

From the Book of Tobias

Tob 12:1-4

Vocávit ad se Tobías fílium suum, dixítque ei: Quid póssumus dare viro isti sancto, qui venit tecum? Respóndens Tobías, dixit patri suo: Pater, quam mercédem dábimus ei? aut quid dignum póterit esse benefíciis ejus? Me duxit et redúxit sanum, pecúniam a Gabélo ipse recépit, uxórem ipse me habére fecit, et dæmónium ab ea ipse compéscuit: gáudium paréntibus ejus fecit, meípsum a devoratióne piscis erípuit, te quoque vidére fecit lumen cæli, et bonis ómnibus per eum repléti sumus. Quid illi ad hæc potérimus dignum dare? Sed peto te, pater mi, ut roges eum, si forte dignábitur medietátem de ómnibus quæ alláta sunt, sibi assúmere.

Then Tobias called to him his son, and said to him: What can we give to this holy man, that is come with thee? Tobias answering, said to his father: Father, what wages shall we give him? or what can be worthy of his benefits? He conducted me and brought me safe again, he received the money of Gabelus, he caused me to have my wife, and he chased from her the evil spirit, he gave joy to her parents, myself he delivered from being devoured by the fish, thee also he hath made to see the light of heaven, and we are filled with all good things through him. What can we give him sufficient for these things? But I beseech thee, my father, to desire him, that he would vouchsafe to accept one half of all things that have been brought.

℟. In illo témpore exaudítæ sunt preces ambórum in conspéctu glóriæ summi Dei: * Et missus est Angelus Dómini sanctus Ráphaël, ut curáret eos ambos, quorum uno témpore sunt oratiónes in conspéctu Dómini recitátæ.

℟. At that time the prayers of them twain were heard in the presence of the glory of the Most High God; * And holy Raphael, the Angel of the Lord, was sent to heal the twain of them, whose prayers had been uttered at one time in the presence of the Lord.

℣. Tobías et Sara in tribulatióne pósiti cum lácrimis oráre cœpérunt.

℣. Tobias and Sara were in tribulation, and began to pray with tears.

℟. Et missus est Angelus Dómini sanctus Ráphaël, ut curáret eos ambos, quorum uno témpore sunt oratiónes in conspéctu Dómini recitátæ.

℟. And holy Raphael, the Angel of the Lord, was sent to heal the twain of them, whose prayers had been uttered at one time in the presence of the Lord.

Lectio II

Lesson II

Tob 12:5-13

Et vocántes eum, pater scílicet et fílius, tulérunt eum in partem; et rogáre cœpérunt ut dignarétur dimídiam partem ómnium quæ attúlerant, accéptam habére. Tunc dixit eis occúlte: Benedícite Deum cæli, et coram ómnibus vivéntibus confitémini ei, quia fecit vobíscum misericórdiam suam. Etenim sacraméntum regis abscóndere bonum est, ópera autem Dei reveláre et confitéri honoríficum est. Bona est orátio cum jejúnio, et eleemósyna magis quam thesáuros auri recóndere; Quóniam eleemósyna a morte líberat, et ipsa est quæ purgat peccáta, et facit inveníre misericórdiam et vitam ætérnam. Qui autem fáciunt peccátum et iniquitátem, hostes sunt ánimæ suæ. Manifésto ergo vobis veritátem et non abscóndam a vobis occúltum sermónem. Quando orábas cum lácrimis, et sepeliébas mórtuos, et derelinquébas prándium tuum, et mórtuos abscondébas per diem in domo tua, et nocte sepeliébas eos, ego óbtuli oratiónem tuam Dómino. Et quia accéptus eras Deo, necésse fuit ut tentátio probáret te.

So the father and the son, calling him, took him aside: and began to desire him that he would vouchsafe to accept of half of all things that they had brought. Then he said to them secretly: Bless ye the God of heaven, give glory to him in the sight of all that live, because he hath shewn his mercy to you. For it is good to hide the secret of a king: but honourable to reveal and confess the works of God. Prayer is good with fasting and alms more than to lay up treasures of gold: For alms delivereth from death, and the same is that which purgeth away sins, and maketh to find mercy and life everlasting. But they that commit sin and iniquity, are enemies to their own soul. I discover then the truth unto you, and I will not hide the secret from you. When thou didst pray with tears, and didst bury the dead, and didst leave thy dinner, and hide the dead by day in thy house, and bury them by night, I offered thy prayer to the Lord. And because thou wast acceptable to God, it was necessary that temptation should prove thee.

℟. Egréssus Tobías invénit júvenem spléndidum stantem præcínctum, et quasi parátum ad ambulándum, et salutávit eum, et dixit: * Unde te habémus, bone júvenis?

℟. When Tobias went forth he found a very well-favoured young man standing with his loins girded, and as it were ready to set forth, and he saluted him and said: * Whence art thou, O good young man?

℣. Et, ignórans quod Dómini Angelus esset, salutávit eum, et dixit.

℣. And he knew not that it was an Angel of the Lord, and saluted him, and said:

℟. Unde te habémus, bone júvenis?

℟. Whence art thou, O good young man?

Lectio III

Lesson III

Tob 12:14-22

Et nunc misit me Dóminus ut curárem te, et Saram uxórem fílii tui a dæmónio liberárem; Ego enim sum Ráphaël Angelus, unus ex septem qui astámus ante Dóminum. Cumque hæc audíssent, turbáti sunt, et treméntes cecidérunt super terram in fáciem suam. Dixítque eis Angelus: Pax vobis, nolíte timére. Etenim cum essem vobíscum, per voluntátem Dei eram: ipsum benedícite, et cantáte illi. Vidébar quidem vobíscum manducáre, et bíbere: sed ego cibo invisíbili, et potu, qui ab homínibus vidéri non potest, utor. Tempus est ergo ut revértar ad eum, qui me misit: vos autem benedícite Deum, et narráte ómnia mirabília ejus. Et cum hæc dixísset, ab aspéctu eórum ablátus est, et ultra eum vidére non potuérunt. Tunc prostráti per horas tres in fáciem, benedixérunt Deum: et exsurgéntes narravérunt ómnia mirabília ejus.

And now the Lord hath sent me to heal thee, and to deliver Sara thy son's wife from the devil. For I am the angel Raphael, one of the seven, who stand before the Lord. And when they had heard these things, they were troubled, and being seized with fear they fell upon the ground on their face. And the angel said to them: Peace be to you, fear not. For when I was with you, I was there by the will of God: bless ye him, and sing praises to him. I seemed indeed to eat and to drink with you: but I use an invisible meat and drink, which cannot be seen by men. It is time therefore that I return to him that sent me: but bless ye God, and publish all his wonderful works. And when he had said these things, he was taken from their sight, and they could see him no more. Then they lying prostrate for three hours upon their face, blessed God: and rising up, they told all his wonderful works.

℟. Ingréssus Angelus ad Tobíam, salutávit eum, et dixit: Gaudium sit tibi semper: * Forti animo esto, in próximo enim est, ut a Deo cureris.

℟. The Angel went in unto Tobias and saluted him and said: Joy be ever with thee; * Be of good courage, for it is at hand that God should heal thee.

℣. Et respondens Tobías, ait: Quale gáudium mihi erit, qui in ténebris sedeo, et lumen cæli non video?

℣. And Tobias answered and said: What joy shall I have while I sit in darkness, and see not the light of heaven?

℟. Forti animo esto, in próximo enim est, ut a Deo cureris.

℟. Be of good courage, for it is at hand that God should heal thee.

℣. Glória Patri, et Fílio, * et Spirítui Sancto.

℣. Glory be to the Father, and to the Son, * and to the Holy Ghost.

℟. Forti animo esto, in próximo enim est, ut a Deo cureris.

℟. Be of good courage, for it is at hand that God should heal thee.

Lectio IV

Lesson IV

Sermo Sancti Bonaventuræ Epíscopi

From the Sermons of St. Bonaventure, the Bishop

De Sanctis Angelis Sermo 5, sub fine

Ráphaël interpretátur medicina Dei. Et debémus notare quod eductio a malo est per tria beneficia, a Raphaéle nobis colláta medicante nos. Educit ergo nos Ráphaël médicus ab infirmitáte animi, inducéndo nos ad amaritúdinem contritiónis; unde in Tobía dicit Ráphaël: Ubi introíeris domum tuam, lini super óculos ejus ex felle. Sic fecit, et vidit. Quare Ráphaël non pótuit ipse fácere? Quia Angelus non dat compunctiónem, sed osténdit viam. Per fel intellígitur amaritúdo contritiónis, quæ sanat óculos interioris mentis; Psalmus: Qui sanat contritos corde. Hoc est optimum collyrium. In Júdicum secundo dícitur quod Angelus ascéndit ad locum fléntium, et dixit pópulo: Eduxi vos de terra Ægypti, feci vobis tot et tanta bona; et flevit omnis pópulus, ita ut locus ille appellarétur locus fléntium. Caríssimi, Angeli tota die narrant nobis benefícia Dei, et reducunt ea nobis ad memóriam: Quis est qui te creávit, qui te redémit? Quid fecísti, quem offendísti? Hoc si consideráveris, nullum habes remédium nisi flere.

Raphael means God's healing, and we should observe that the way out of evil lies through three blessing bestowed on us through Raphael's healing. For Raphael the Healer leads us forth from weakness of soul and brings us into the bitterness of contrition; whence in the book of Tobit Raphael says: When thou enterest into thy house, anoint his eyes with gall. He did so, and he saw. Why could not Raphael do this himself? Because an Angel does not bestow compunction, but he shows the way to it. By gall, the bitterness of contrition is to be understood, for it heals the inner eyes of the mind. The Psalmist says: He healeth those that are broken in heart. This is the best eye salve. In the second chapter of the Book of Judges it is written that an angel came up to the place of the weepers, and said to the people: I made you to go up out of Egypt; I have done all of these good things for you: and all the people wept, so that the place was called the Place of the Weepers. Dearly beloved, all day long the Angels are telling us of God's blessings, and recalling them to our minds: Who hath created thee? Who hath redeemed thee? What hast thou done? Whom hast thou offended? When thou considerest this, thine only remedy is to weep.

℟. Interrogávit Tobías Angelum: De qua domo, aut de qua tribu es tu? Qui respondens, ait: * Ego sum Azarías, Ananíæ magni fílius.

℟. Tobias asked the Angel: Of what house, or of what tribe, art thou? And he answered and said: * I am Azarias, the son of Ananias the Great.

℣. Genus quæris mercenarii, an ipsum mercenárium, qui cum fílio tuo eat? Sed ne forte sollícitus sis.

℣. Dost thou seek for a tribe or family, or an hired man to go with thy son? But be not careful overmuch.

℟. Ego sum Azarías, Ananíæ magni fílius.

℟. I am Azarias, the son of Ananias the Great.

Lectio V

Lesson V

Secundo Ráphaël edúcit de servitute diaboli, persuadéndo nobis memóriam passiónis Christi; in cujus figuram dictum est Tobíæ sexto: Cordis ejus particulam si super carbónes ponas, fumus ejus éxtricat omne genus dæmoniórum. Dícitur Tobíæ octavo quod pósuit Tobías particulam cordis super carbónes, et Ráphaël religávit dæmónium in desérto superioris Ægypti. Quid est hoc? Non poterat Ráphaël religare dæmónium nisi ponerétur cor super carbónes? Numquid cor piscis dabat Angelo tantam virtútem? Nequaquam! Nihil posset, nisi ibi mystérium esset. In hoc enim nobis datur intelligi quod nihil est quod ita nos líberet hódie a servitute diaboli sicut passio Christi, quæ processit ex radíce cordis sive caritátis. Cor enim fons est caloris cunctæ vitæ. Si ergo Cor Christi, hoc est passiónem quam sustinuit, procedéntem ex radíce caritátis et fonte caloris, ponas super carbónes, hoc est super inflammatam memóriam; statim dæmon religábitur, ut tibi nocére non possit.

Secondly, Raphael brings us forth from our slavery to the devil, by recalling

Christ's Passion to our mind. There is a figure of the Passion in the sixth chapter of Tobit, where it is said that if a piece of the heart is put on the embers, its smoke will drive out all kinds of devils. It is said in the eighth chapter of Tobit that Tobias put a piece of the heart on the embers, and Raphael bound the devil in the utmost parts of Egypt. What does this mean? Was Raphael unable to bind the devil unless the heart was put on the embers? Surely a fish's heart could not give such strength to an Angel? By no means! It would be impossible unless there was a mystery in this. We are to understand that nothing so frees us from the devil's slavery as the Passion of Christ, which issued from the root of his heart, or of his love. For the heart is the fountain, or hot centre, of all life. Therefore if thou puttest the heart of Christ, that is the Passion, that he underwent, issuing from the root of charity and the fountain of heat, on the embers, that is, on the flame of memory: then immediately the devil will be bound, and he will be unable to hurt thee.

℟. Exívit Tobías ut lavaret pedes suos, et ecce piscis immanis exívit ad devorándum eum: qui expavéscens, clamávit voce magna, dicens: Dómine, invadit me. Et dixit ei Angelus: Apprehénde branchiam ejus, et trahe eum ad te. * Exéntera hunc piscem, et cor ejus, et fel, et jecur repóne tibi: sunt enim necessaria ad medicaménta utíliter.

℟. Tobias went out to wash his feet, and behold a great fish went out, and would have devoured him; and he was sore afraid, and cried out with a loud voice, and said: O sir, he assaileth me. And the Angel said unto him: Take him by his gill, and draw him unto thee. * Open this fish, and take his heart, and his liver, and his gall, and put them up safely by thee, for they are useful and needful for drugs.

℣. Attraxit autem Tobías piscem in siccum, et palpitare cœpit ante pedes ejus; et ait Angelus ei.

℣. And Tobias drew the fish unto the dry ground, and it began to gasp at his feet, and the Angel said unto him.

℟. Exéntera hunc piscem, et cor ejus, et fel, et jecur repóne tibi: sunt enim necessaria ad medicaménta utíliter.

℟. Open this fish, and take his heart, and his liver, and his gall, and put them safely by thee, for they are useful and needful for drugs.

Lectio VI

Lesson VI

Tertio liberat nos a contrarietáte Dei, quam incurrimus per offensam Dei, et hoc inducéndo nos ad instantiam oratiónis; et hoc est quod dixit angelus Ráphaël Tobíæ duodecimo: Quando orabas cum lácrimis, ego óbtuli oratiónem tuam Dómino. Ipsi enim Angeli reconciliant nos Deo, quantum possunt. Accusatores nostri coram Deo sunt dæmones. Angeli autem excusant nos, quando ófferunt oratiónes nostras, ad quas devote faciendas nos inducunt; Apocalypsis octavo: Ascéndit fumus arómatum in conspéctu Dómini de manu Angeli. Arómata ista suáviter redoléntia sunt oratiónes Sanctórum. Vis placare Deum, quem offendísti? Ora devote. Offérunt Deo oratiónem tuam, ut te Deo reconcilient. Dícitur in Luca quod Christus, factus in agonía, prolixius orabat, et appáruit Angelus Dómini confortans eum. Et hoc totum factum est propter nos, quia non indiguit confortatióne sua, sed ut ostenderétur quod libenter assistunt devote orántibus, et libenter juvant eos et ipsos confortant, et oratiónes eórum Deo ófferunt. - Festum sancti Raphaëlis Archangeli Benedíctus Papa décimus quintus ad universam Ecclésiam extendit.

Thirdly Raphael delivers us from God's displeasure, which we incur by transgressing against God; he does this by leading us to instant prayer: and this is what Raphael said to Tobit in the twelfth chapter: When thou didst pray with tears, I did bring your prayers before the Lord. For the Angels reconcile us to God, as far as they are able. The devils are accusers before God, but the angels excuse us, when they offer our prayers, and when they urge us to pray devoutly. In the eighth chapter of the Revelation of St. John it is said: The smoke of the incense ascended up before God out of the Angels hand. This sweet smelling incense is the prayer of the saints. Does thou wish to appease God, whom thou hast offended ? Then pray devoutly. They offer thy prayer, so that they may reconcile thee to God. It is said in the Gospel of St. Luke, that Christ being in an agony, prayed more earnestly, and there appeared an Angel of the Lord strengthening him. And all of this was done for our sake: for he had no need of strengthening, but it was to show that the Angels willingly assist those who pray devoutly, and help and strengthen them, and bring their prayers before God.

℟. Ubi introíeris domum tuam, dixit Angelus Ráphaël ad Tobíam, statim adora Dóminum Deum tuum, et, grátias agens ei, accede ad patrem tuum, et osculare eum: * Statimque lini super óculos ejus ex felle isto piscis, quem portas tecum; sicas enim quóniam mox aperiéntur óculi ejus, et vidébit pater tuus lumen cæli, et in aspectu tuo gaudébit.

℟. The Angel Raphael said unto Tobias: When thou enterest into thine house, straightway worship the Lord thy God; and when thou hast given thanks unto Him, draw near unto thy father and kiss him. * And forthwith smear upon his eyes some of the gall of the fish which thou carriest with thee; for know that his eyes will straightway be opened, and thy father shall see the light of heaven, and shall behold thee, and be glad.

℣. Tolle tecum ex felle isto piscis; erit enim necessárium.

℣. Take with thee some of the gall of the fish, for it will be needful.

℟. Statimque lini super óculos ejus ex felle isto piscis, quem portas tecum; sicas enim quóniam mox aperiéntur óculi ejus, et vidébit pater tuus lumen cæli, et in aspectu tuo gaudébit.

℟. And forthwith smear upon his eyes some of the gall of the fish which thou carriest with thee; for know that his eyes will straightway be opened, and thy father shall see the light of heaven, and shall behold thee, and be glad.

℣. Glória Patri, et Fílio, * et Spirítui Sancto.

℣. Glory be to the Father, and to the Son, * and to the Holy Ghost.

℟. Statimque lini super óculos ejus ex felle isto piscis, quem portas tecum; sicas enim quóniam mox aperiéntur óculi ejus, et vidébit pater tuus lumen cæli, et in aspectu tuo gaudébit.

Lectio VII

Lesson VII

Léctio sancti Evangélii secúndum Joánnem

From the Holy Gospel according to John

Joannes 5:1-4

John 5:1-4

In illo témpore: Erat dies festus Judæórum, et ascéndit Jesus Jerosolymam. Et réliqua.

At that time: There was a feast of the Jews, and Jesus went up to Jerusalem. And so on.

Homilía sancti Joánnis Chrysóstomi

Homily by St. John Chrystostom

Homilia 36, alias 35, in Joánnem, num. 1

Hom. 35 or 36 on John

Quis hic curatiónis modus? quale mystérium subindicátur? Neque enim sine causa hæc scripta sunt; sed futura nobis quasi in figura et imagine describit, ne, si res stupenda accideret inexspéctata, auditórum multórum fidem aliquátenus labefactáret. Quænam ígitur hæc descriptio? Futurum baptisma dandum erat, plenum virtúte et grátia maxima, baptisma, quod peccáta ómnia ablúeret, quod ex mórtuis vivos redderet. Hæc ergo ut in imagine depingúntur in piscina et in aliis multis. Et primo quidem aquam dedit, quæ córporum máculas ablúeret, sordesque non veras, sed tales existimátas, ex funere nempe, ex lepra, et similes; multaque vidére est eádem de causa in veteri lege per aquam mundata.

What manner of mystery is this? What does it reveal? for it is not written without a purpose: but the future is foretold in figure and similitude lest the unexpected occurrence of a wondrous event should in any way disturb the faith of the hearers. What, then is here described? In the future a baptism was to be given, full of power and of the greatest grace, a baptism that would wash away all sin, that would restore life to dead men. These facts then are depicted figuratively, in the pool and in all the other circumstances. And first in this figure the water is set forth, which washes away stains of the body, and those things that are not actually dirty, though they were thought to be so, such as coming in contact with a corpse, or a leper, and such like: it is to be seen that many things under the old law are cleansed by water, in accordance with this idea.

℟. Benedícite Deum cæli, dixit Angelus Ráphaël et coram ómnibus vivéntibus confitémini ei: * Quia fecit vobíscum misericórdiam suam.

℟. The Angel Raphael said: Bless ye the God of heaven, and confess Him before all living; * For He hath had mercy upon you.

℣. Ipsum benedícite, et cantáte illi, et narráte ómnia mirabília ejus.

℣. Bless Him, and praise Him, and tell of all His marvellous works.

℟. Quia fecit vobíscum misericórdiam suam.

℟. For He hath had mercy upon you.

Lectio VIII

Lesson VIII

Sed ad propositum jam redeamus. Primo ítaque, ut diximus, córporum maculas, deínde varias infirmitátes per aquam solvi curat. Ut enim nos Deus ad baptismi grátiam propius reduceret, non jam maculas solum, sed et morbos sanat. Imagines enim quæ propius ad veritátem accedunt, et in baptismate, et in passióne, et in aliis magis conspicuæ sunt quam vetustiores. Quemádmodum enim qui prope regem sunt satéllites, remotióribus sunt honoratiores; ita et in figuris factum est. Et Angelus descéndens turbábat aquam, et sanándi vim indebat ipsi, ut discerent Judæi, Angelórum Dóminum multo magis posse ánimæ morbos omnes curare. Sed, quemádmodum hic aquárum natúra non simpliciter curábat (alioquin enim semper id fáceret), sed Angeli operatióne id fiebat; sic in nobis non aqua simpliciter operátur, sed, postquam Spíritus grátiam accéperit, tunc ómnia solvit peccáta.

But let us now return to the subject. First defilements of the body are washed out, and then God heals various infirmities by means of water. For because God would bring us nearer to the grace of baptism, he not only cleanses defilements but heals diseases. For those figures which come nearest to the reality, in baptism, the Passion, and others are seen more clearly than the older ones. For it is the same with those who form a king's bodyguard: they are more splendidly apparelled than those at the other end of his equipage. And the angel came down and troubled the water, and imbued it with healing power; so that the Jews might learn that the Lord of Angels had far more power to heal all the diseases of the soul. But just as here it was not simply the natural property of the water that healed, (otherwise it would have always have done so) but it happened through the work of the Angel: so it is not simply water that works on us, but after the water has received the grace of the Spirit, then it looses us from all sin.

℟. Tempus est ut revértar ad eum, qui me misit, dixit Angelus Ráphaël; * Vos autem benedícite Dóminum, et narráte ómnia mirabília ejus.

℟. It is time for me to return unto Him That sent me, saith the Angel Raphael; * But bless ye the Lord, and tell of all His marvellous works.

℣. Confitémini ei coram ómnibus vivéntibus, quia fecit vobíscum misericórdiam suam.

℣. Confess Him before all living, for He hath had mercy upon you.

℟. Vos autem benedícite Dóminum, et narráte ómnia mirabília ejus.

℟. Bless ye the Lord, and tell of all His marvellous works.

℣. Glória Patri, et Fílio, * et Spirítui Sancto.

℣. Glory be to the Father, and to the Son, * and to the Holy Ghost.

℟. Vos autem benedícite Dóminum, et narráte ómnia mirabília ejus.

℟. Bless ye the Lord, and tell of all His marvellous works.

Lectio IX

Lesson IX

Circa hanc piscinam jacebat multitúdo magna infirmórum, cæcórum, claudórum, aridórum, aquæ motum exspectántium. Sed tunc infirmitas impediménto erat quóminus is qui vellet, sanarétur; nunc autem unusquísque potestátem accedéndi habet. Non enim Angelus est qui aquam movet, sed Angelórum Dóminus ómnia éfficit. Nec dicere póssumus: Dum ego accedo, alius ante me descéndit. Sed, si totus orbis venerit, grátia non consúmitur, neque vis vel operátio déficit, sed semper éadem manet. Ac, quemádmodum solares radii quotídie illúminant, nec absumúntur, neque, quod multis subministréntur, lucis quídpiam amittunt; sic, immo multo minus, Spíritus operátio minúitur a multitúdine accipiéntium. Hoc autem factum est ut qui díscerent in aqua curándos esse corporis morbos, et hac in re diu exercitáti essent, facílius crederent étiam morbos animi posse curari.

Around this pool lay a great multitude of impotent folk, of blind, halt, withered, waiting for the moving of the water. But then those who wished for healing were prevented by infirmity from receiving it, while now everyone is able to come forward. For the Angel does not trouble the water, but the Lord of Angels brings all things to come to pass. We may no longer say, While I am coming, another steppeth down before me. But even should the whole world come, the grace would not be used up, neither would its power nor effectual working come to an end. For as the sun's rays shine forth each day without burning out, and as they spread abroad without losing any of their light: far less is the operation of the Spirit diminished by the multitudes who receive it. Now this miracle took place so that as men learned that could heal bodily diseases, and as they become accustomed to this fact over a period of time: so they might they the more readily believe that it could also heal diseases of the soul.

Te Deum